Under which cloud type can light to moderate turbulence be expected?

Light to moderate turbulence is often associated with altocumulus clouds. These clouds are formed at middle altitudes and can indicate unstable air conditions. They typically develop in the presence of vertical motions in the atmosphere, which can lead to fluctuations in wind speed and direction, resulting in turbulence. The cellular structure of altocumulus, where individual 'lumps' or 'puffs' can be observed, can develop into more turbulent conditions especially when strong vertical currents are present.

While cumulus clouds can also be responsible for turbulence, they are generally more associated with more localized and sometimes stronger turbulence due to their convective nature. Nimbostratus clouds, on the other hand, are primarily associated with widespread and steady precipitation rather than turbulence, and altostratus clouds typically indicate stable atmospheric conditions, leading to less turbulence. Thus, in the context of turbulence, altocumulus stands out as the most characteristic cloud type indicating these moderate conditions.